1457343, Available at SSRN: If you need immediate assistance, call 877-SSRNHelp (877 777 6435) in the United States, or +1 212 448 2500 outside of the United States, 8:30AM to 6:00PM U.S. Eastern, Monday - Friday. 52, no.3, 2011, pp. It requires multisector and multidisciplinary work—from research, policy, and intervention. A cheerleader getting a threatening letter . GRANTS TO REDUCE VIOLENT CRIMES AGAINST WOMEN ON CAMPUS PROGRAM In the past few decades, many local and state agencies across the country have developed programs … 24, no. Accessed 27 March 2017, Second Source Pairing for UNIT II Project, UNIT III Research Paper on Campus Violence, https://www.wsj.com/articles/reports-of-sexual-assault-rising-sharply-on-college-campuses-1462375421, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10668920050179835. 839-55. Most sexual assaults involved persons who knew each other. 3rd ed., Charles C. Thomas, 2013. Taylor & Francis Online, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10668920050179835. Following many lawsuits filed by students and parents, the courts ruled that universities have a duty to protect students from “foreseeable” criminal activity and that there exist a “contract” between the universities and their students (Fisher and Sloan 33-35). Heading off to college is an exciting time for millions of recent high school graduates. “Most programs for and responses to campus-based sexual assault and dating violence have been designed and are led by university and senior administrators,” said Wagman. Les violences sexuelles sur les campus universitaires n’ont pas fait l’objet du même niveau d’attention, dans le domaine des politiques et de la réflexion, que ce qui est le cas dans les autres domaines, publics et privés, où s’exercent les violences sexistes. Journal of College and University Law, Vol. However, crime mapping studies are greatly disrupted by the insufficient and inaccurate data on available campus crimes, provided by the universities. For this issue, the most applicable ethical approach is the Rights Approach. The social implications of campus violence have always been linked towards the conceptions of early forms of sexism and gender stratification and the use of drugs and alcohol on campus. Roark, Mary L. “Preventing Violence on College Campuses.” Journal of Counseling & Development, vol. Accessed 17 April 2017. Students should be educated on the recognition and signs of red flags that can lead to dangerous unwanted situations. Skip to content. During the past 15 years, four national-level surveys have gathere… However, in statistical terms, this type of campus violence can thankfully be considered relatively extraordinary. Experts call for law on bullying to help protect juveniles. As discussed, campus violence has a long history and are defined by multiple contexts. 10, 2010, pp. Sexual Violence on Campus: Strategies for Prevention combines the findings from the Think Tank and Action Planning Meetings with the best available evidence on sexual violence prevention and reflects CDC’s current thinking about how to prevent sexual violence on college and university campuses. Traditional society is defined as patriarchal, where men are placed on top of the social ladder while women remain at the bottom (Sparkman 2017). The report cites several major factors underlying campus violence, including the use of alcohol, racial and ethnic tensions, and a “sports culture” that “can promote competition, aggression, and male privilege.” Going forward, the report suggests several recommendations that colleges should consider to stem the level of campus violence. Also, the increase of drug and alcohol usage also correlates to the increase in offenses. Due to the advancement of technologies, such as the introduction of CCTVs, or surveillance cameras, many campus securities have been amended and upgrade to ensure higher levels of security, in hopes to speed up the crime investigation process, increase the arrest rate, and prevent future crimes from happening (Fisher and Sloan 16-20). 8, 2010, pp. Thailand's ongoing anti-establishment protests, that have drawn tens of thousands to its streets, are prompting intense debate … As a continually developing country, technological advancement and the creation of campus police force also influence the characteristic of campus violence, both positively and negatively. Cybercrime is not only easier to commit due to the instant access to social media, but also harder to evade and control, comparing to other forms of crimes. Research on gender-based violence against women Work done, work emerging and work needed – a view from my experience Prof. Dr. Carol Hagemann- White Universität Osnabrück, Germany UNESCO, Paris, November 2011 . “Community and Campus Crime: A Geospatial Examination of the Clery Act.” Crime & Delinquency, vol. An effective violence prevention approach is grounded in strategic planning conducted by campus and community representatives working in collaboration. Nobles, Matt R., Kathleen A. Violence and crimes on college and university campuses are serious problems in the United States, which have prompted implementation of a variety of policies and programs to deter violence on campus. 35, pp. A decrease in campus violence will affect the campus population positively in numerous ways. Violence against women by men is responded to generally in a manner that either blames women for the violence done to them or focuses on prevention strategies that identify how women can better protect themselves (Sparkman 2017). Programs that include researchers to analyze crime patterns and behaviors should be established and run by a governmental agency at the local level. 1457343, 79 Pages The project’s research is built on “radical listening,” said Wagman, and the belief that students are the best solvers of the campus sexual violence issue. Collaborating on a European level: CAHRV 3. Find more violence related essays and term papers here. Associated Press Television News . These stories portray women as vindictive, conniving, and untrustworthy. 4, 2014, pp. However, in statistical terms, this type of campus violence can thankfully be considered relatively extraordinary. The consistent and increasing rates of campus violence remained a major concern for many. Thailand Students Research On Forgotten Campus Violence Thailand's ongoing anti-establishment protests, that have drawn tens of thousands to its streets, are prompting intense debate about the country's future. Free essay samples, research paper examples and academic writing tips for students. Most research regarding campus violence in schools has centered on prevalence and prediction of violence. Campus sexual assault is a complex phenomenon to tackle from a public health perspective. The social implications of campus violence have always been linked towards the conceptions of early forms of sexism and gender stratification and the use of drugs and alcohol on campus. For this reason, it is reasonable that further research in crime mapping studies and self-defense programs is necessary for the prevention of those crimes. 15, no. Data and statistics on crimes relating to students taken from local police records should be provided to universities; the profiles of the offenders and victims are to be kept anonymous with respect to legal and ethical aspects. 1. Any infringements will result in legal consequences, such as heavy fines and monetary restrictions, in terms of federal and state funding. It hampers the natural flow of education and students suffer a lot from this sadistic types of activity.The causes of campus violence are vary from country to country. The first legislation, requiring postsecondary institutions to report crimes to campus police and other authorities annually, was the Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security, in 1998, which is later known as the Clery Act (Fisher and Sloan 33). The Clery Act continues to be amended through the addition of more detailed crime reports and statistics, and stricter enforcement is levied to universities for their failure to follow and demonstrate correct interpretations of the law (Fisher and Sloan 35-40). 10, pp. What can help . Sparkman, Rachel. Free Essay on Campus Violence. Campuses are Relatively Safe . 65, no. “Reports of Sexual Assault Rising Sharply on College Campuses.” The Wall Street Journal, 4 May 2016, https://www.wsj.com/articles/reports-of-sexual-assault-rising-sharply-on-college-campuses-1462375421. (2000). Campus interpersonal violence - defined as sexual assault, sexual harassment, intimate partner violence, and stalking - is a social problem that has received widespread attention due to its high prevalence and devastating consequences, especially for students facing multiple forms of … According to studies reviewed in the ACHA Campus Violence White Paper, approximately 15-20% of female college students report being the victim of forced intercourse (rape) and approximately 5-15% of college men admit forcing intercourse on a partner (Carr, 2005). AZ Writing | Sample Essays, Example Research Papers and Tips . To learn more, visit our Cookies page. “Violence on College Campuses: Understanding its Impact on Student Well-Being.” Community College Journal of Research and Practice, vol. “By not including all students living off-campus in their crime reports,” university is only portraying “a small portion of the crimes in an area where a large percentage of students live” (Mohammad and Faulk), which makes it difficult to track and model accurate crime patterns and behaviors. Suggested Citation, 225 Cedar StreetSan Diego, CA 92101United States, Subscribe to this fee journal for more curated articles on this topic, We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content.By continuing, you agree to the use of cookies. Each and every academic year begins with … The Act was passed primarily in response to the issue of under-reporting of crimes associated with their students by colleges. Accessed 17 April 2017. Recent mass shootings on college campuses have focused many on the responsibilities of colleges and universities to prevent and respond to such violence. Violence on campuses increasingly manifest in a larger number of random assaults, group fights, mass shootings, flash-mob crimes, and vicious one-on-one attacks. College Campus Violence: Origins, Impacts, and Responses Paul E. Pezza13 and Ann Bellotti2 The typical college campus community is potentially hazardous to the health and, well-being of its members. Besides an improvement in crime mapping studies, an updated self-defense program is also needed. Traditional society is defined as patriarchal, where men are placed on top of the social ladder while women remain at the bottom (Sparkman 2017). Over the years, campus violence has experienced substantial change and is defined by various implications, in terms of legal, social, and security context. 839-855. Stages of practice and research 1976-2002 2. 2016, http://universe.byu.edu/2016/03/08/technicalities-and-under-reporting-obscure-byu-campus-crime-reporting1/. Colleges and universities, which have traditionally prohibited guns on campus, are relatively safe from gun violence—but campus life is rife with other risk factors that make the presence of guns potentially dangerous. Many crime mapping programs and studies have already been authorized and adopted by state and local government and so, only an extension of that effort is needed in the direction college campus violence for the program to be even more successful. In contrast, the only type of campus violence that is unfortunately common enough to be characterized as “ordinary” is peer sexual assault and similar forms of campus gender-based violence. Encouraging the Prevention of Campus Violence. Cantalupo, Nancy Chi, Campus Violence: Understanding the Extraordinary Through the Ordinary (August 18, 2009). Campus violence is actually a great quake for Educational sector. Mayhew, Matthew J., Rebecca J. Caldwell, and Emily G. Goldman. The recent documentary Sex for Grades highlights how insidious these violations are and their costs for victims attending Nigerian and Ghanaian universities. 35, pp. With the joint efforts of local police and university faculty and administrators on teaching self-defense techniques and educating students of dangerous situations, it is more likely for this method to sustain and have a definite effect on the prevention of campus violence. 7, 1987, pp. The decrease campus violence will likely result in a decrease of local crimes and the tendency to commit crimes and thus, improves the well-being of society as a whole. Efforts put toward educating faculty, staffs, administrators, and students about campus violence and prevention, and raising awareness of the concurrent issue, have also been exerted and come in the form of existing courses in universities, including the fields of “sociology, psychology, criminology, and women’s studies” (Roark 369). It is even more severe in the case of media coverage. The most common, cyberstalking involves the “active use of the web and other internet communication portals, such as Facebook, Myspace, Twitter, and online dating sites,” (Dekeseredy 335). VIOLENCE ON COLLEGE CAMPUSES: UNDERSTANDING ITS IMPACT ON STUDENT WELL-BEING. CAMPUS VIOLENCE RESEARCH PAPER 3 students and injured two while on the other room, he killed five and wounded six. Colleges who fail to comply with these policies are entitled to legal consequences. The social context of campus crime includes research efforts in such areas as developing better measures of its extent and nature, identifying its major correlates, and exploring its spatial distribution. Fox, David N. Khey, and Alan J. Lizotte. Accessed 16 March 2017. Numerous research studies have also indicated that sexual assaults and other forms of violence against women on campus are gravely underreported, suggesting that the problem is far more pervasive than statistics reveal.8. Universities and practitioners also develop multiple tiers of prevention methods and programs in hope to stop the increasing rate of campus violence. This page was processed by aws-apollo1 in 0.191 seconds, Using the URL or DOI link below will ensure access to this page indefinitely. Project MUSE [Johns Hopkins UP], doi: https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2011.0045. It concludes that understanding peer sexual violence and applying that understanding to less common forms of campus violence may help us to prevent and understand what the proper responses should be to both forms of violence. Kent State shooting massacre. Fisher, Bonnie, and John J. Sloan. The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) shows that roughly 40 percent of offenders were perceived to be using alcohol or drugs and the use of “date-rape drugs such as Rohypnol,” or roofies, are particularly popular among sexual predators (Fisher and Sloan 186-214). When violence occurs on predominantly white campuses, it's typically covered in the vein of "one crazy person going berserk and shooting up as many people as possible." Not only will a decrease in violence exposure lessen the amount of psychological stresses and traumas placed upon college students, it will also improve personal and social development, as well as increase the overall happiness of the students and allow them to enjoy the rest of their college experiences without much distresses and fears. Socialization and sex role stereotypes have altered modern rape culture of colleges and universities. School violence essay topics in form of discussion questions and activity ideas for teachers are included so that students can extend their understanding of school and campus crime and violence beyond what they read in the articles. In a survey by Towson State ’ s Campus Violence Prevention Center, it was found that the maltreatment of intoxicant was heavier among victims and culprits of campus force than the remainder of the campus population. Campus violence rises in China. The majority of the times, universities focus their attention on tertiary prevention methods, which are methods that are put in place to deal with the consequences of the incidents already happened on campus. Auvinen, Pekka-Eric; Bath, Michigan, School Bombing In the interest of informing the process of intervention program planning, this article considers the etiology of violence in the college and university setting. Written By. Dekeseredy, Walter S. “Thinking Critically About Campus-Based Self-Defense Programs.” Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, vol. Self-defense programs should not also put so much emphasis on protection against strangers, but rather pay attention to the people most likely to assault them, including intimate partners (courtship violence), friends, and acquaintances. School Violence Research Topics List School Violence Cases. University students are entitled to the right to equal protection and the right to not be injured. Accordingly, this essay explores the scope and dynamics of both “ordinary” and “extraordinary” campus violence, discusses the law and “best practices” dealing with peer sexual violence victims’ rights and the due process rights of students accused of misconduct, and contrasts the typical disciplinary responses of many schools to both the methods required by the applicable law and those advocated by the best practices literature. About 97,000 students between the ages of 18 and 24 report experiencing alcohol-related sexual assault or date rape (Fisher and Sloan 186-214). Research on policy after 2005: CoE monitoring 4. Obviously, the loss of control due to substance maltreatment, including intoxicant, frequently consequences in violent effusions. Overview 1. Self-defense training allows students and faculties to learn self-defense techniques and protect themselves against physical, emotional, and psychological assaults (Dekeseredy 335). combination with research, demonstrate the essential role of collaboration among all service providers in the prevention of violent incidents on college campuses. By the end of the massacre, he had killed 32 students whereby 28 of them were shot on the head. The West Virginia Community Quality of Life Survey (WVCQL) was launched during the summer of 2016. Over the past decades, there have been reports of increased violence on U.S. college campuses, particularly sexual assaults, and the numbers of victims continue to rise (Korn 2016). After all, students have the right to be informed about the safety and conditions of the campus. Recent mass shootings on college campuses have focused many on the responsibilities of colleges and universities to prevent and respond to such violence. However, as news nowadays are overfilled with the examples of violence in colleges and universities that range from mass shootings to incidents of rape, assault, burglary, etc., parents and education professionals are becoming more concerned about the atmosphere in which students are bound to spend several years of their college life. First, we define the nature and scope of campus violence both nationally and in Massachusetts. Though numerous measures have been undertaken to prevent and decrease the rate of modern campus crimes, such efforts failed to recognize the importance of crime-mapping research and self-defense program; the implementation of these programs should be advocated for to inform and protect college students. Although awareness of campus sexual assault is at historic high, institutional responses to incidents of sexual violence remain widely varied and often, dissatisfied and imperfect. Last revised: 28 Oct 2015. It's Time to Ask Uncomfortable Questions About HBCU Campus Violence HBCUs are vulnerable to crime just as any other neighborhood, college campus, office building, or public space. Korn, Melissa. Sage Journals, doi: 10.1177/1524838014521024. Not only that, campus crimes associated with college and university students were neither reported to authorities nor were they disclosed to outsiders by institutions (Mohammad and Faulk). The sensationalization of sexual violence and the normalization of rape jokes and any act of sexual harassment have decreased the negativity of sex crime and are a factor of the increasing rates of sexual violence on campus. The purpose of crime mapping studies is to help researchers, officers, and universities to have a better understanding of the crimes themselves, the patterns they follow, and the location of crime “hot spots,” and better identify individuals that are more likely to commit an offense or to be at risk of victimization (Nobles, Fox, Khey, and Lizotte 1152). EBSCOhost, doi: 10.1002/j.1556-6676.1987.tb00732.x. 613-690, 2009, Georgetown Public Law Research Paper No. There is considerable evidence that students’ exposure to violence is associated with both antisocial behavior and psychological trauma, such as depression, anxiety, anger, post-traumatic stress, and can lead to violent behavior (Flannery and Quinn-Leering 839-855). Crime gradually characterizes the … “Sex and Gender.” Sociology Lecture, 13 March 2017. Among all violent crime against college students from 1995 through 2002, 93 percent of incidents took place off campus. Two key areas here have involved social science efforts to accurately estimate the extent and nature of the sexual victimization of college women and to identify and examine the role students’ lifestyles play in contributing to campus victimization. Accessed 27 March 2017. After the Clery Act comes the passing of Title IX of the Civil Rights Act, an influential federal legislation that encourages colleges to address sexual violence and prohibits sexual harassment on campuses (Fisher and Sloan 41). Besides, neither the research nor the program will cost much (economically) with the joint effort of the government, including the local police, and the university students, faculty, and administrators. Sage Journals, doi: 10.1177/0011128710372188. 367-71. Sexual violence on university campuses has not received the same policy and scholarly attention as other public and private spaces where gender-based violence occurs. This page was processed by aws-apollo1 in. The government enforces the Clery Act and Title IX upon universities in hope to control and reduce the amount of violence committed on campus and raise legal awareness. University can hold public lectures that can help students learn the right way to prevent and deal with those unexpected situations, involving not just strangers, but also the surrounding people, with the help of counselor and faculty. Campus crimes occur on both on and off campus and yet, “crimes involving students off campus or in off-campus student housing are [often] not included” and reported to the “federally mandated campus safety reports,” despite the passing of the Clery Act (Mohammad and Faulk). Journal of College and University Law, Vol. 334-38. More than 25 students were left injured (Almond, 2008). Accessed 22 March 2017. However, the advancement of technology also introduces high-tech crime, or cybercrime, to the campuses. Community College Journal of Research and Practice: Vol. Calls from a parent who saw a reference to a bombing on a campus with the person posting the reference saying it was a joke. If campus administrators made crime maps publicly available, students, especially incoming freshmen and transfer students new to the area, would be better equipped to find housing in safer locations and prepared for when visiting local crime hot spots. It was first theorized that universities have a liability to ensure the safety of their students under the idea of “loco parentis,” in which universities are given the freedom to create and enforce any rules or regulations upon student conducts (Fisher and Sloan 33-35). This report has four major sections. It is shown in many studies that college students, especially those that live in “wet” communities, filled with bars, liquor stores, and other alcohol outlets, have greater use of alcohol and other drugs than other youths in society (Fisher and Sloan 185-86). 253-69. “Technicalities and under-reporting obscure BYU campus crime reporting.” The Daily Universe, 08 Mar. A better enforcement of the Clery Act is needed and universities must be required to disclose and report any crimes involving their students, whether they happen on campus or off-campus. Although the arrest of the offenders and post-trauma counseling offer support and justice to the victim, but they do not erase the scars and traumas gained from the violence. UCLA to Create Campus Violence Research Center Dedicated to Victim The center will study strategies to combat violence on campuses across the country. After accomplishing the mission, he turned the gun to himself and blew his head off. The Rights Approach puts an emphasis on the solution that best respects the rights of all the stakeholders represented by this issue. Cyberstalking can be as dangerous as physical stalking and can affect the victims similarly, leading to mental distress and increased levels of anxiety (Flannery and Quinn-Leering 839-855). Knowing self-defense can help victims delay the happenings of the crimes while buying them more time to contact the police, which will increase the chance of safely walking away from the crimes. College represents a new environment, new experiences, new people, and is an important step in the life of many individuals. They set up remedial programs and supportive services that target post-trauma counseling, protection, medical care, etc., to help relieve the consequences and effects those violent events have on the students (Roark 369). Free sample research essay on Campus Violence topic. Keywords: sexual, assault, harassment, violence, sex discrimination, education, college, university, campus, Suggested Citation: 1131-156. The targeting of a university laboratory because it uses animals in research with professors receiving death threats. Posted: 18 Aug 2009 It will also allow students and faculty to focus more on academics and education. A decrease in campus violence will affect the campus population positively in numerous ways. Many legislations are then passed to ensure that universities are educating their students about dangerous behaviors and warn students about unsafe conditions on or near the campus. Accessed 16 March 2017, Mohammad, Alex, and Stacie Faulk. This study will address previous research, but will also investigate the history of campus violence in universities in the United States and its evolution along with an investigation into the impact of juvenile delinquency on campus violence. Crime Victimization Survey. 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