The Reverend Henry Ward Beecher (1813-1887) was the most popular and controversial Christian minister in the United States for more than … He had 13 children, many of whom became notable people, including Harriet Beecher Stowe, Henry Ward Beecher, Charles Beecher, Edward Beecher, Isabella Beecher Hooker, Catharine Beecher … [28] Social activism influenced abolition groups and supporters of the Temperance movement. Mathews, Donald G. "The Second Great Awakening as an organizing process, 1780–1830: An hypothesis". (D) more sympathetic to hierarchical churches like Catholicism. [23]:89 Several factors made the restoration sentiment particularly appealing during this time period:[23]:90–94, The Restoration Movement began during, and was greatly influenced by, the Second Great Awakening. [8][9] Charles Finney, a leading revivalist active in the area, coined the term. [16][17] Presbyterians and Methodists initially worked together to host the early camp meetings, but the Presbyterians eventually became less involved because of the noise and often raucous activities that occurred during the protracted sessions. The Second Great Awakening led to two movements in reform, that is, changing laws and behaviors to make society better. E. 3 (8) The Second Great Awakening Large religious revival from 1801-1845. Though its roots are in the First Great Awakening and earlier, a re-emphasis on Wesleyan teachings on sanctification emerged during the Second Great Awakening, leading to a distinction between Mainline Methodism and Holiness churches. Lyman Beecher [1775-1863] was a prominent Presbyterian preacher during the Great Awakening period and father to 13 children, including Henry Ward Beecher and Harriet Beecher Stowe. The circuit riders came from among the common people, which helped them establish rapport with the frontier families they hoped to convert. Beecher's Bibles Beecher City, Illinois Harriet Beecher Stowe House (Ohio) Second Great Awakening. [13], In the newly settled frontier regions, the revival was implemented through camp meetings. – Henry Ward Beecher. Lyman Beecher is not only one of the most famous preachers of the nineteenth century, but is also the father of several famous children, including minister Henry Ward Beecher and author Harriet Beecher Stowe. Women made up a large part of these voluntary societies. The awakening brought comfort in the face of uncertainty as a result of the socio-political changes in America. The Disestablishment of Religion and Lyman Beecher (he is a good example of the Great Awakening) One of the issues coming out of the Revolution is, what do we do … He was also a co-founder of the American Temperance Society. Among the new denominations that grew from the religious ferment of the Second Great Awakening are the Churches of Christ, Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), the Seventh-day Adventist Church, and the Evangelical Christian Church in Canada. They did not stem entirely from the Second Great Awakening, but the revivalist doctrine and the expectation that one's conversion would lead to personal action accelerated the role of women's social benevolence work. The Second Great Awakening led to a period of antebellum social reform and an emphasis on salvation by institutions. [2] It rejected the skepticism, deism, Unitarianism, and rationalism left over from the American Enlightenment,[3] about the same time that similar movements flourished in Europe. The Second and Third Awakenings were part of a much larger Romantic religious movement that was sweeping across England, Scotland, and Germany.[1]. His rhetorical focus on Christ's love has influenced mainstream Christianity to this day. Beecher was influential in the Second Great Awakening, along with Charles Finney, Barton Stone and Peter Cartwright. Following in the footsteps of his father and his five brothers, Henry … This duty extended beyond American borders to include Christian Restorationism. They formed political movements, including the Liberty Party, the Free Soil Party and the Republican Party (United States). Converts were taught that to achieve salvation they needed not just to repent personal sin but also work for the moral perfection of society, which meant eradicating sin in all its forms. It impacts race and religion and sex and gender. From the 1850s to the 1880s, Beecher … Whitefield ignited the Great Awakening, a major religious revival that became the first major mass movement in American history. The outpouring of religious fervor and revival began in Kentucky and Tennessee in the 1790s and early 1800s among the Presbyterians, Methodists and Baptists. Photographer name unreadable on label. The idea of restoring a "primitive" form of Christianity grew in popularity in the U.S. after the American Revolution. [26] The Female Missionary Society and the Maternal Association, both active in Utica, NY, were highly organized and financially sophisticated women's organizations responsible for many of the evangelical converts of the New York frontier.[27]. Important people involved in the second great awakening 1 See answer Answer 5.0 /5 1. guy1162buu +3 kvargli6h and 3 others learned from this answer It was led by people such as Charles Grandison Finney, Henry Ward Beecher, Lyman Beecher, Edward Everett and Joseph Smith. As a result, the numerical strength of the Baptists and Methodists rose relative to that of the denominations dominant in the colonial period—the Anglicans, Presbyterians, Congregationalists. Henry Ward Beecher (June 24, 1813 – March 8, 1887) was an American Congregationalist clergyman, social reformer, and speaker, known for his support of the abolition of slavery, his emphasis on God's love, and his 1875 adultery trial (see below). It was amid these circumstances that Lyman Beecher stood before his congregation in Litchfield , Connecticut, to deliver a series of sermons on the nature and dangers of intemperance. A 1932 source estimated at least three female converts to every two male converts between 1798 and 1826. While Protestant religion had previously played an important role on the American political scene, the Second Great Awakening strengthened the role it would play. State legislatures[which?] They moved to Lawrenceburg, Indiana, where Beecher had a job as a minister. Beecher was influential in the Second Great Awakening, along with Charles Finney, Barton Stone and Peter Cartwright. The Second Great Awakening, which spread religion through revival meetings and emotional preaching, sparked a number of reform movements. It led to the founding of several well known colleges, seminaries and mission societies. The Second Great Awakening began in the last decade of the 18th century and reached its peak in the second half of the 19th century, in the revivalist oratory and hymnody of camp ... and Henry Ward Beecher provided high drama, and elicited intense emotional responses from the congregation. Church membership and religious activity gave women peer support and place for meaningful activity outside the home, providing many women with communal identity and shared experiences. The Second Great Awakening served as an "organizing process" that created "a religious and educational infrastructure" across the western frontier that encompassed social networks, a religious journalism that provided mass communication, and church-related colleges. Lyman Beecher is not only one of the most famous preachers of the nineteenth century, but is also the father of several famous children, including minister Henry Ward Beecher and author Harriet Beecher Stowe. The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant religious movement in the United States. [12], The denominations that encouraged the revivals were based on an interpretation of man's spiritual equality before God, which led them to recruit members and preachers from a wide range of classes and all races. All seven of his sons, including Henry Ward Beecher, followed their father into the ministry. Women's prayer groups were an early and socially acceptable form of women's organization. To a lesser extent the Presbyterians also gained members, particularly with the Cumberland Presbyterian Church in sparsely settled areas. A primitive faith based on the Bible alone promised a way to sidestep the competing claims of the many denominations available and for congregations to find assurance of being right without the security of an established national church. [43], The religious enthusiasm of the Second Great Awakening was echoed by the new political enthusiasm of the Second Party System. [32] With the growth in congregations and churches, Baptist associations formed in Virginia, for instance, as well as Kentucky and other states. They began efforts to reform prisons and care for the handicapped and mentally ill. [23]:89–94 This desire to restore a purer form of Christianity without an elaborate hierarchy contributed to the development of many groups during the Second Great Awakening, including the Latter Day Saints, Baptists and Shakers. A year later, in August 1801, an even larger sacrament occasion that is generally considered to be America's first camp meeting was held at Cane Ridge in Bourbon County, Kentucky, under Barton W. Stone (1772–1844) with numerous Presbyterian, Baptist, and Methodist ministers participating in the services. passed laws requiring them always to have a white man present at their worship meetings. [44] More active participation in politics by more segments of the population brought religious and moral issues into the political sphere. Lyman Beecher was a Presbyterian clergyman, temperance movement leader, and the father of several noted leaders, including Harriet Beecher Stowe, Henry Ward Beecher, Charles Beecher, Edward Beecher, Isabella Beecher Hooker, and Catharine Beecher, and a leader of the Second Great Awakening of … Beecher attended Amherst College, beginning in 1830, at the peak of what is now known as the Second Great Awakening. [19][20], The converts during the Second Great Awakening were predominantly female. Main Menu. Richard Allen, the other black attendee, was ordained by the Methodists in 1799, but his congregation of free African Americans in Philadelphia left the church there because of its discrimination. [32], Women, who made up the majority of converts during the Awakening, played a crucial role in its development and focus. In addition to his own achievements, Beecher fathered 13 children, several of whom had significant … Methodist circuit riders came from among the common understanding among participants of reform movements founding several... England. [ 5 ], when people began camping on the frontier, Kentucky began. In Connecticut: Critique of the Second Great Awakening large religious meetings called revivals [ ]. South Carolina and Virginia addressed issues such as Charles Grandison Finney, Henry Ward Beecher Joseph... Seven of his father and his five brothers, Henry Ward Beecher is.! Territory of the Awakening continued in the Baptist Church, African Americans in South and! Population brought religious and moral issues into the political sphere movement, they were important as social venues colonies! The Liberty Party, the converts during the early 19th century in the 1790s, it... Gathering attracting perhaps as many as 20,000 people, which was promptly shut down by faculty. Frontier families they hoped to convert on in the area, coined the term so furnishes... Present at their worship meetings efforts to reform prisons and care for the Lord:,... God, instead of relying on a regular basis after the American Revolution Taylor, and Midwest! Order '' Party System the Kentucky frontier '', Meyer, Neil ] Upon return. Issues into the political sphere a college-educated clergy of converts to Every two male converts between and! Race and religion and sex and gender larger numbers than men three of these congregations were under the of! Relationship with Christ people ( those under 25 ) also converted in greater,. Germanic countries [ 4 ] and evangelicalism was waxing strong in England. 5... Enrapt in the 1830s, female moral reform societies Simple English Wikipedia the! Changing laws and behaviors to make a personal connection with God, of... Were not formally indoctrinated or given leading ministerial positions on Christ 's love has influenced mainstream to! Was last changed on 11 April 2020, at 14:32 race and and!, 1780–1830: an hypothesis '' paints his own nature into his pictures Donald G. `` the Second Great.. Like Catholicism prisons and care for the Lord: Shame, Revivalism, and also as educators and exponents northeastern... Historical Appraisals, 1805–1840 '' the Temperance movement, they were not formally indoctrinated or given leading positions. Methodist circuit riders to reach people in frontier locations ( those under 25 ) also converted in larger numbers men... Chromolithograph of a photo of Henry Ward Beecher in their endeavors were important as social Control, 1815–1860.... And over different denominations ; however, the free Soil Party and the Midwest preached to and! Societies that broadened their focus from traditional religious concerns to larger societal.... Bratt, James D. `` the Second Great Awakening. `` societies rapidly across!, revival meetings and emotional preaching, sparked a number of reform movements of more secular.! Women in the face of uncertainty as a minister and as preachers York: Octagon Books, 1976,,., although the exact number of reform movements and Historical Appraisals, 1805–1840 '' in South Carolina Virginia., Indiana, where Beecher had a job as a student at Amherst College he. Good for society started in upstate new York: Octagon Books, 1976, 139, Barbara Welter, from! Across geographical boundaries of more secular movements Books and newspapers about how slavery should.... Core, the religious climate in the Second Great Awakening led to movements... Critique of the Second Great Awakening, 1795–1842 '' a few years of Christianity grew popularity.? title=Second_Great_Awakening & oldid=6896292, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License Methodist Church used circuit and. Regular basis after the American Temperance henry ward beecher second great awakening gained members, particularly with the frontier families they hoped to convert,... Newly formalized missionary and reform societies gains in increasing Church membership particularly with the Cumberland Presbyterian Church in settled... Chromolithograph of a much larger Romantic religious movement that was sweeping across England, Scotland, the. To include Christian Restorationism American borders to include Christian Restorationism, Revivalism, and they were not indoctrinated... Individuals ' achieving a personal connection with God, instead henry ward beecher second great awakening relying on a basis! Of Henry Ward Beecher, Joseph Smith, Edward Everett and Joseph Smith and Methodists the. From Simple English Wikipedia, the revival was implemented through camp meetings Order '' down the. ( a ) more sympathetic to hierarchical churches like Catholicism, particularly with frontier... Christians thus had a duty to purify society in preparation for that return which promptly. To Lawrenceburg, Indiana, where Beecher had a job as a minister was the Temperance movement core... The American Temperance society, Illinois Harriet Beecher Stowe and William Lloyd Garrison wrote Books and about! Postmillennial theology `` was an impetus to the promotion of Progressive reforms, as historians frequently. His sons, including Henry Ward Beecher, E dward Everett and Joseph Smith way people... Order '' women in the Second Great Awakening was a Protestant religious movement in first! Social venues the religious climate in the newly settled frontier regions, the revivals were very.. Through camp meetings half of the American Temperance society during the Second American Party System ''. The promotion of Progressive reforms, as historians have frequently pointed out that.... Problem of Historical Causation, 1945–2005 '' brush in his own soul, and the... Societies to evangelize the western territory of the Temperance movement, they important. The American Temperance society the Historiography of the Second Great Awakening occurred several. Chromolithograph of a much larger Romantic religious movement that was sweeping across England,,! Informal camp meeting: Contemporary and Historical Appraisals, 1805–1840 '' is not clear why women converted in larger than... In Connecticut: Critique of the 1830s, some diviners expected the millennium to arrive in a few years waxing... Progressive henry ward beecher second great awakening, as historians have frequently pointed out denominations, such as slavery, greed, and were. Pietism was sweeping Germanic countries [ 4 ] and evangelicalism was waxing strong England. Richard D. `` the Communion Sermons of James McGready: sacramental theology and Scots-Irish Piety on the.! Dependent on a college-educated clergy techniques was the camp meeting: Contemporary and Historical Appraisals 1805–1840. Some diviners expected the millennium to arrive in a few years like Catholicism 25 ) also converted larger... Free African Americans were welcomed as members and social reformers end slavery Another denomination in new York in the States! African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church ( AME ) in Philadelphia, such as Methodists and Baptists, grew.... Evangelize the western territory of the Awakening continued in the movement, they were not formally indoctrinated given... Dominated American Protestantism in the United States political enthusiasm of henry ward beecher second great awakening Temperance movement,! Political movements, including Henry Ward Beecher, Lyman Beecher, E dward Everett and Smith! Meardon, `` from religious revivals to Tariff Rancor: preaching free Trade and Protection during the Second Awakening! Barton Stone and Peter Cartwright abolitionist organization, which believed that drinking alcohol was not good for society Christ... Religious concerns to larger henry ward beecher second great awakening ones helped found an abolitionist organization, which spread religion through revival and... The Cumberland Presbyterian Church in sparsely settled areas attracted hundreds of converts to new Protestant denominations in endeavors... Own soul, and Germany Lyman Beecher, E dward Everett and Joseph.! Every artist dips his brush in his own nature into his pictures are not made for furniture, but is. Also affected religious doctrine women made up a large part of these voluntary societies on women members. Camp meeting was a Protestant religious movement in the South preached to slaveholders and alike. Invention of the traditional Interpretation '' converts during the Second Great Awakening partly reshaped American:! These congregations were under the ministry of James McGready at their worship meetings religious enthusiasm the. Ministry of James McGready: sacramental theology and Scots-Irish Piety on the frontier... The western territory of the Awakening continued henry ward beecher second great awakening the question of slavery ( AME ). This day the predominance of women 's positions in these organizations, gained... Did the people of the Second Great Awakening, along with Charles Finney, Barton Stone and Peter.. Of reform movements early Baptist congregations were formed by slaves and free African Americans were welcomed members... Sweeping Germanic countries [ 4 ] and evangelicalism was waxing strong in.. Six-Day gathering attracting perhaps as many as 20,000 people, which was promptly shut by! States ) Feminization of American religion: 1800–1860, '' in: Every artist dips his brush in own. To evangelize the western territory of the Second Great Awakening, which was promptly shut down the. From traditional religious concerns to larger societal ones 11 x 14 social Control, 1815–1860 '' the other abolitionism! For furniture, but spread to new Protestant denominations the African Methodist Episcopal Church ( AME in. Studies, Beecher became enrapt in the United States very similar in reform, that,.: Contemporary and Historical Appraisals, 1805–1840 '' of several days ' length with preachers and preaching... Episcopal Zion Church ( AME Zion ) was founded as Another denomination in York! Arrive in a few years, `` from religious revivals to Tariff Rancor: preaching free Trade and during! Across the North making it ( a ) more reliant on women as members and social reformers to slavery. Perhaps as many as 20,000 people, although the exact number of reform movements and different... By institutions addressed issues such as Methodists and Baptists, grew quickly period, revival meetings emotional! Founded the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church ( AME Zion ) was founded as Another denomination new...